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Over the course of a lifetime, depression occurs in approximately 20 percent of women as compared with 10 percent of men. Although the exact reason for the difference between genders isn't known, biological, life cycle, and hormonal and psychosocial factors may be linked to the higher rate of depression in women. Suicide is highly correlated with mental illnesses such as depression. A woman commits suicide every 90 minutes in the United States, and it is estimated that a woman attempts suicide every 78 seconds.

"Many women face additional stresses of work and home responsibilities, caring for children and aging parents, abuse, poverty and relationship strains," says Blount Memorial Emotional Health & Recovery Center director Anna Shugart. She also points to a recent survey that found only 19 percent of women ages 35-54 consider themselves very happy, compared with 34 percent of the general population. "No one really understands what puts some women at greater risk of suicide," says Shugart. The suicide rate among women is lower in certain communities. "It is well-established that suicide rates among black women are lower than those of white women," she says. The lower rates are thought to be related to the protective factors of extended family networks and religion.

There are several factors that can make a woman an increased risk for suicide. "Alcohol abuse is highly prevalent among women who die by suicide," Shugart says. She adds that suicide is more common in women who are single, recently separated, divorced or widowed. "The precipitating life events in women who attempt suicide tend to be interpersonal losses or crises in significant social or family relationships," she says.

Shugart emphasizes the importance of recognizing the signs and symptoms of suicide. "Hopelessness is a particularly strong predictor of suicide," she says. Depression, talk of suicide, previous attempts, and increased alcohol or drug use also are strong indicators that a woman is contemplating suicide. "It's OK to ask about suicide," Shugart says. "It's important to be knowledgeable and know the facts about suicide." She recommends seeing your doctor as soon as possible if you have suicidal thoughts. "Do not put off seeing your physician if you are feeling down," she says. It also is important to seek help from mental health professionals who are trained to deal with emotional issues such as depression and suicide.

There are many resources for families who are concerned about their loved ones. To learn more about risk factors, signs and symptoms of suicide, log on to www.TSPN.com. The National Suicide Prevention Lifeline also is available by calling 1-800-273-TALK.

Join the Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Alliance of Blount County for a free event to educate the community about the nature of suicide as a public health problem and our community's ability to prevent it. The event will be held from 5:30 to 7 p.m. Sept. 17 at Pearson Springs Pavilion off Montvale Station Road. The evening's activities will include a walk and a remembrance ceremony.

The Women's Health column is provided by the staff and associates of Blount Memorial Hospital. It appears every Sunday in Women's Times. For more information on this column call 983-7211.